12.
Which of the following kinds of therapy seeks to help clients find their answers to questions such as: Why am I here? Is this all there is? Why do people suffer?
a. Cognitive Behavioral
b. Holistic Health
c. Existential
d. Client Centered
Existential therapy centers on the client, rather than the symptom, in its focus on free will, self-determination, and the search for meaning. It is not client-centered therapy because in this approach, therapists allow the clients to steer the conversation in an effort to get them to better understand themselves and others. Cognitive behavioral therapy tries to treat problems and boost happiness by modifying emotions, behaviors, and thoughts. Holistic health therapy focuses on integrating the body, mind, spirt, and emotions.
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16.
All humans have a five-stage sleep cycle and all cycle through the stages in the same order. Choose the correct sequence.
a. Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4, Stage 5
b. Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 1, Stage 3, Stage 5, Stage 4
c. Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4, Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 5
d. Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4, Stage 3, Stage 2, Stage 5
Sleep does not progress through all of these stages in sequence, however. Sleep begins in Stage One and progresses into stages Two, Three, and Four. Then, after Stage Four sleep, Stages Three, then Two are repeated before going into REM sleep. Once REM is over, we usually return to Stage Two sleep. Sleep cycles through these stages approximately 4 or 5 times throughout the night.
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17.
The "fields and levels" approach to group career counseling uses one of the theories developed by which famous theorist?
a. Jung
b. Roe
c. Holland
d. None of the above
Roe’s theory consists of 8 fields (Service, Business Contact, Organization, Technology, Outdoor, Science, General Culture, and Arts & Entertainment) and 6 levels (professional and managerial, levels 1 and 2; semiprofessional and small business, level 3; skilled, level 4; semiskilled, level 5; and unskilled, level 6). Carl Jung founded analytical psychology. Holland created the Holland Codes including Realistic, Investigative, Artisitic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC).
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33.
Who has most extensively researched and described the concept of career maturity?
a. Ginzberg
b. Crites
c. Hoyt
d. Super
While Super first described the concept of career maturity, it was Crites who researched and created the Career Maturity Inventory. Ginzberg believed the development of the following four factors led to career choice: the reality factor, the influence of the educational process, the emotional factor, and individual values. Hoyt viewed career education as a composite of activities and experiences designed to prepare and engage individuals in paid or unpaid work during their lives. Super believed the following stages explained career development: 1. The crystallization stage, ages 14-18 2. Specification stage, ages 18-21 3. Implementation stage, ages 21-24 4. The stabilization stage, ages 24-35 5. Consolidation, age 35 6. Readiness for retirement, age 55.
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34.
The correct order of Piaget's 4 stages is:
a. formal operational, preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational
b. preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational, sensorimotor
c. concrete operational, sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational
d. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Piaget was a developmental theorist who believed all people went through the same four stages. The main goals of each stage follow: sensorimotor - object permanence; preoperational - symbolic thought; concrete operational - operational thought; and formal operational - abstract concepts.
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44.
What does RIASEC stand for?
a. Realistic, Instigating, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional
b. Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional
c. Reformed, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional
d. Realistic, Inquiring, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Committed
Career theorist John Holland developed these 6 categories describing different work environments. He believed an individual's personality needed to match their work environment in order to maximize happiness and success.
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48.
Which test measures key personality factors?
a. WISC
b. WAIS
c. MBTI
d. 16PF
The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is a self-report personality test developed using several decades worth of empirical research. Cattell and his associates set to measure the following personality factors: warmth, intellect, emotional stability, aggressiveness, liveliness, dutifulness, social assertiveness, sensitivity, paranoia, abstractedness, introversion, anxiety, open mindedness, independence, perfectionism, tension. The Myers Briggs Type Inventory is a self-report personality inventory which indicates how people perceive the world and make decisions. The WISC and the WAIS are tests designed to measure cognitive intelligence.
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