MBLEx Practice Exam

Abduction means to move away from the midline. Adduction means to add to the midline, or bring it closer.

The suffix "-algesia" pertains to a condition in which the client is either very sensitive to pain (hyperalgesia) or has a difficulty perceiving pain (hypoalgesia). The prefix "-asthenia" may sound similar, but it pertains to a lack of strength.

Synovial joints are characterized by synovial fluid within the joint space. Types of synovial joints include gliding, condyloid, saddle, hinge, ball and socket, and pivot joints. Rotator cuff muscles include supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. Inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons (tendinitis) would impede the range of motion in the shoulder, which is a ball and socket joint.

The arrow points to an area of spongy bone tissue. Spongy bone has numerous open spaces separated and connected by trabeculae. This gives it greater strength and resilience and also decreases the overall weight of the skeleton.

The floating ribs attach on the spine but do not have any sternal attachments. The 11th and 12th floating ribs cover the kidneys to protect it from damage.

The ischial tuberosity is the posterior portion of the ramus of the ischium, where body weight is supported. The hamstrings attach to the ischial tuberosity at the proximal end.

Both latissimus dorsi and teres major perform adduction, extension and medial rotation of the glenohumeral joint. Pectoralis major and minor act on two different joints. Gluteus medius and maximus have similar actions but gluteus medius also flexes the coxal joint. Both supraspinatus and teres minor hold the glenohumeral head in the glenoid cavity, but that's the only similarity with their actions.

Biceps femoris short head performs extension at the knee while vastus lateralis only performs extension of the knee. Gracilis performs adduction and medial rotation, while rectus femoris and vastus lateralis are two of the quadriceps muscles that extend the knee.

The muscle spindles are one of the proprioceptors that tell the brain where our body is in space by detecting muscle length. There is a stretch reflex when the muscle is stretched quickly. This is when the muscle spindle innervates a motor neuron to concentrically contract the stretching muscle.

Golgi tendon organ detects increases in tension of a muscle to prevent injury. If muscle tension is substantial in relation to the amount of force the muscle can generate it inhibits the muscle's ability to contract. Utilizing this reflex allows one to increase a stretch without the muscle resisting it. The muscle spindle when stimulated contracts the muscle. The Meissner corpuscle detects slippage of skin. And the Pacinian corpuscle detects pressure and high vibration frequency in the skin.

Many people on the autism spectrum suffer from sensory overload so the therapist should consider soft music, low lighting and possible visual communication. With the risk that the client's nervous systems could be overloaded with heightened sensations, the therapist should use proper pressure according to what the client can tolerate.

Olecranon Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa at olecranon process of the proximal aspect of the ulna. The function of the bursa is to cushion the structures around it, especially during movement. Stress to this area is typically caused by acute or repetitive trauma. The symptoms of Olecranon bursitis include pain, tenderness, local swelling, decreased movement and warmth of skin over the elbow.

Hypoglycemia is a condition where a person's blood sugar level goes below normal levels. It is usually related to diabetes, but can be caused by other conditions. Treatment of the condition includes the eating of foods with a high sugar content or the taking of medications, to quickly return the blood sugar level to a normal range. Hyperglycemia is high blood sugar often associated with diabetes. Its main symptoms are being thirsty and frequent need to urinate.

While both men and women can be at risk for osteoporosis, women are at a much higher risk after menopause when estrogen and progesterone levels drop, reducing the amount of periosteum production on bones.

A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach bulges through the muscles separating the abdomen from the diaphragm due to weakened abdominal muscles. A small hiatal hernia usually does not cause problems but a large one can cause food and reflux to back up in the esophagus. The other types of hernias occur in other locations torso - umbilical (navel), inguinal (groin) and incisional (lower in the abdomen area).

During a massage the parasympathetic nervous system is activated suppressing the production of cortisol. During times of stress the sympathetic nervous system is active releasing the hormones adrenaline and cortisol preparing one to either fight or run - "Fight or Flight". Cortisol prepares the body by flooding it with glucose, supplying an immediate energy source to large muscles. It narrows arteries increasing blood pressure. It also inhibits insulin production to prevent glucose from being stored, favoring its immediate use. This leads to blood sugar imbalances and diabetes, weight gain and obesity, immune system suppression and gastrointestinal problems.

The inflammatory phase has ended when the repair phase starts. In the repair phase, granular substance, collagen, and fibrinogen fill in the lesion and the formation of the scar begins, but it's too fragile for any vigorous techniques. So mild stretching and range of motion combined with MICE (movement, ice, compression, elevation) are indicated to help organize the fibers linearly. It's during the remodeling phase when more vigorous techniques are applied and the focus is to break down the scar tissue a little and create functional inflammation to strengthen the scar.

Massage reduces blood pressure by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system and getting a relaxation response. This innervates the vagus nerve and slows heart rate down while causing vasodilation reducing blood pressure over all.

S stands for "subjective", what your client tells you, like their chief complaint. Observations by the therapist would be placed in the Objective section. Any assessment techniques used by therapist and the results would be put in the Assessment section. Plan is what the therapist will do to treat the client, including the initial treatment and follow-up treatment.

Pectoralis major and Latissimus dorsi would not only slump the shoulders forward (rounded shoulders) but would also internally rotate the arm to the point that the palms are facing the front of the thigh. Your client's palms are facing the sides of the leg like they should, so the slump forward would indicate it is a spinal curve issue.

When a client is holding their breath they are not allowing their body to accept the treatment of deep pressure, and their body is actually resisting the work.

When a therapist projects feelings and/or memory from their past onto their client, this is a situation of countertransference.

Having clear and consistent draping policies for all bodywork sessions in accordance with the standards of practice is necessary to avoid crossing the physical (or sexual) boundaries of the client as well as maintaining privacy and maintaining the trust within the therapist/client relationship.

The principles of beneficence and non-maleficence are obligations of the massage therapist to maximize the possible benefits of massage (beneficence) and to avoid or minimize possible harms to the client (non-maleficence). Both principles are based on what's in the client's best interest. Non-maleficence requires a massage therapist to refrain from something that goes against the client's interest.

A dual relationship arises when a client is a friend, family member or business associate. These relationships make it difficult to keep social boundaries. A problem with such relationships is that the massage therapist and client can start having feelings about the situation which are beyond professional.

The two main stances to deliver a massage are the straddle and archer stances. The straddle stance is with feet hip width apart, knees slightly bent, toes straight ahead and weight evenly distributed on both feet. The archer stance is with toes pointing in same direction, one foot in front asymmetrically with the most weight on the back foot. These two stances allow the most versatility in providing even, full and smooth technique delivery with the least amount of stress to the therapist and the most efficient treatment for the client.

It is important to have a good first impression with clients to instill trust and to lay the ground work for a long-term relationship. Choosing a work uniform which is comfortable to work in, allows freedom of movement, and gives the impression that your office is professional and dedicated to the health and well-being of the client is most important.

As an independent contractor, the therapist would receive a 1099 statement from the wellness center.

Mezger was from Holland. After he presented massage to fellow physicians in Holland, the physicians and other followers began to use the French terms effleurage, petrissage and tapotement. It is not clear why French terms were adopted for the techniques.

Tuina uses the theory of acupuncture where the practitioner uses finger pressure to stimulate the acupuncture points. Originally, it was used to treat pediatric medical conditions with poke-pinch and push-grasp techniques to stimulate a child's natural healing processes.